1.Overview
For generating with water as the heat-carrier fluid, there are the advantages of mature technology, easy process, and low investment and operation costs and so on. But, the cost of larger-scale steam thermal energy storage is high. Meanwhile, steam thermal energy storage tanks are adopted or with natural gas through a process referred to as hybridization, are able to further increase output and reliability.
2.Process

3.Operating Mode
Mode 1:Charging mode. The receiver and thermal energy storage system in operation, and the turbine unit stops.
Mode 2:Charging and power generation mode. All the receiver, thermal energy storage, steam generator, and turbine in operation.
Mode 3:Power generation mode. Only the steam generator and turbine in operation, the receiver stops.
4.Application and Condition
Application: Daytime power generation or short storage time power generation
Condition: DNI≥ 1600kW.h/m2/yr, traffic, transportation, environment, power network distance, etc.
5.Typical case

Table 3 Typical Water Medium CSP Plant

Table 4 Reference Value of Typical Water Medium CSP Station